What is a cataract?

  A cataract is a painless, cloudy area in the lens of the eye that blocks the passage of light to the retina, the nerve layer at the back of the eye, usually causing vision problems.

What causes cataracts?

  Aging can cause cataracts. Changes in the lens of the eye are a normal part of the aging process, but these do not necessarily lead to cataracts. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can also cause cataracts. Other risk factors include certain chronic diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma, and high blood pressure. Other factors include smoking, high consumption of alcohol, long-term use of steroid medication, and recent studies suggest that high triglycerides may increase the risk in men. Women have a slightly increased risk of developing cataracts. People with darker-colored irises appear to have an increased risk of developing cataracts. Those with a family history of cataracts or certain genetic disorders such as muscular dystrophy also have an increased risk of developing cataracts.

How are cataracts diagnosed?

  Cataracts are diagnosed by a physical exam and medical history.

How are cataracts treated?

  Surgery is the only effective means of treatment for vision loss caused by cataracts. Surgery is a personal choice and depends on how much the cataract interferes with your daily activities. Many people adapt very well with eyeglasses. Some cataracts remain very small and do not need to be removed, while others can grow larger and cause severe vision changes requiring surgery.

Is there anything I can do to prevent getting cataracts?

  There is no proven way to prevent cataracts, but certain life style changes may slow the development of cataracts. These include – not smoking, wear a hat with a brim or sunglasses when you are in the sun, eat a diet rich in vitamins C and E, limit your alcohol intake, keep your blood pressure and diabetes under control, and avoid the use of steroid medication if possible (some people need them).

The information in this educational update should not be used to replace the advice of a doctor.